ea5d225aa4
* Add check against regexp from http://www.regular-expressions.info/email.html * Change documentation accordingly. * Bump version number to 0.5 Fixes #11. Signed-off-by: Thomas Hochstein <thh@inter.net>
623 lines
20 KiB
Perl
623 lines
20 KiB
Perl
#! /usr/bin/perl -W
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#
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# checkmail Version 0.5 by Thomas Hochstein
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#
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# This script tries to verify the deliverability of (a) mail address(es).
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#
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# Copyright (c) 2002-2010 Thomas Hochstein <thh@inter.net>
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#
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# It can be redistributed and/or modified under the same terms under
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# which Perl itself is published.
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our $VERSION = "0.5";
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################################# Configuration ################################
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# Please fill in a working configuration!
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my %config=(
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# value used for HELO/EHLO - a valid hostname you own
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helo => 'testhost.domain.example',
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# value used for MAIL FROM: - a valid address under your control
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from => 'mailtest@testhost.domain.example'
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);
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################################### Modules ####################################
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use strict;
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use File::Basename;
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use Getopt::Std;
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use Mail::Address;
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use Net::DNS;
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use Net::SMTP;
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################################# Main program #################################
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$Getopt::Std::STANDARD_HELP_VERSION = 1;
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my $myself = basename($0);
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# read commandline options
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my %options;
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getopts('Vhqlrf:m:s:e:', \%options);
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# -V: display version
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if ($options{'V'}) {
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print "$myself v $VERSION\nCopyright (c) 2010 Thomas Hochstein <thh\@inter.net>\n";
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print "This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.\n";
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exit(100);
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};
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# -h: feed myself to perldoc
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if ($options{'h'}) {
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exec('perldoc', $0);
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exit(100);
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};
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# display usage information if neither -f nor an address are present
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if (!$options{'f'} and !$ARGV[0]) {
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print "Usage: $myself [-hqlr] [-m <host>] [-s <from>] [-e <EHLO>] <address>|-f <file>\n";
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print "Options: -V display copyright and version\n";
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print " -h show documentation\n";
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print " -q quiet (no output, just exit with 0/1/2/3)\n";
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print " -l extended logging\n";
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print " -r test random address to verify verification\n";
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print " -m <host> no DNS lookup, just test this host\n";
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print " -s <from> override configured value for MAIL FROM\n";
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print " -e <EHLO> override configured value for EHLO\n";
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print " <address> mail address to check\n\n";
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print " -f <file> parse file (one address per line)\n";
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exit(100);
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};
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# -s / -e: override configuration
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$config{'from'} = $options{'s'} if $options{'s'};
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$config{'helo'} = $options{'e'} if $options{'e'};
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# -f: open file and read addresses to @adresses
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my @addresses;
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if ($options{'f'}) {
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if (-e $options{'f'}) {
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open FILE, "<$options{'f'}" or die("$myself ERROR: Could not open file $options{'f'} for reading: $!");
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} else {
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die("$myself ERROR: File $options{'f'} does not exist!\n");
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};
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while(<FILE>) {
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chomp;
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push(@addresses,$_);
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};
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close FILE;
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# fill @adresses with single address to check
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} else {
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push(@addresses,$ARGV[0]);
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};
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# loop over each address and test it
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my (%targets,$curstat,$status,$log,$message);
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foreach (@addresses) {
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my $address = $_;
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# regexp taken from http://www.regular-expressions.info/email.html
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# and escaping of "/" added two times
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if ($address !~ /^(?:[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+\/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:\.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+\/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*|"(?:[\x01-\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x1f\x21\x23-\x5b\x5d-\x7f]|\\[\x01-\x09\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x7f])*")@(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?\.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?$/i) {
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printf(" > Address <%s> is syntactically INVALID.\n",$address) if !($options{'q'});
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$curstat = 2;
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} else {
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my $domain = Mail::Address->new('',$address)->host;
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printf(" * Testing %s ...\n",$address) if !($options{'q'});
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$log .= "\n===== BEGIN $address =====\n";
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# get list of target hosts or take host forced via -m
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if (!$options{'m'}) {
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%targets = %{gettargets($domain,\$log)};
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} else {
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$message = sprintf("Connection to %s forced by -m.\n",$options{'m'});
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$log .= $message;
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print " $message" if !($options{'q'});
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# just one target host with preference 0
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$targets{$options{'m'}} = 0;
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};
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if (%targets) {
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$curstat = checkaddress($address,\%targets,\$log);
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} else {
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$curstat = 2;
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$message = 'DNS lookup failure';
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printf(" > Address is INVALID (%s).\n",$message) if !($options{'q'});
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$log .= $message . '.';
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};
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$log .= "====== END $address ======\n";
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};
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$status = $curstat if (!defined($status) or $curstat > $status);
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};
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print $log if ($options{'l'});
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# status 0: valid / batch processing
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# 1: connection failed or temporary failure
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# 2: invalid
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# 3: cannot verify
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#D print "\n-> EXIT $status\n";
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exit($status);
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################################## gettargets ##################################
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# get mail exchanger(s) or A record(s) for a domain
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# IN : $domain: domain to query the DNS for
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# OUT: \%targets: reference to a hash containing a list of target hosts
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sub gettargets {
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my ($domain,$logr) = @_;
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# resolver objekt
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my $resolver = Net::DNS::Resolver->new(udp_timeout => 15, tcp_timeout => 15);
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my %targets;
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# get MX record(s) as a list sorted by preference
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if (my @mxrr = mx($resolver,$domain)) {
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print_dns_result($domain,'MX',scalar(@mxrr),undef,$logr);
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foreach my $rr (@mxrr) {
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$targets{$rr->exchange} = $rr->preference;
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$$logr .= sprintf("(%d) %s\n",$rr->preference,$rr->exchange);
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};
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# no MX record found; log and try A record(s)
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} else {
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print_dns_result($domain,'MX',undef,$resolver->errorstring,$logr);
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print(" Falling back to A record ...\n") if !($options{'q'});
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# get A record(s)
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if (my $query = $resolver->query($domain,'A','IN')) {
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print_dns_result($domain,'A',$query->header->ancount,undef,$logr);
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foreach my $rr ($query->answer) {
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$targets{$rr->address} = 0;
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$$logr .= sprintf("- %s\n",$rr->address);
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};
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# no A record found either; log and fail
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} else {
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print_dns_result($domain,'A',undef,$resolver->errorstring,$logr);
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printf(" %s has neither MX nor A records - mail cannot be delivered.\n",$domain) if !($options{'q'});
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};
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};
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return \%targets;
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};
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################################# checkaddress #################################
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# test address for deliverability
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# IN : $address: adress to be tested
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# \%targets: reference to a hash containing a list of MX hosts
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# \$log : reference to the log (to be printed out via -l)
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# OUT: ---
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# \$log will be changed
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sub checkaddress {
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my ($address,$targetsr,$logr) = @_;
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my %targets = %{$targetsr};
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my $status;
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# walk %targets in order of preference
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foreach my $host (sort { $targets{$a} <=> $targets{$b} } keys %targets) {
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printf(" / Trying %s (%s) with %s\n",$host,$targets{$host} || 'A',$address) if !($options{'q'});
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$$logr .= sprintf("%s:\n%s\n",$host,"-" x (length($host)+1));
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$status = checksmtp($address,$host,$logr);
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last if ($status != 1);
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};
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return $status;
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};
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################################### checksmtp ##################################
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# connect to a remote machine on port 25 and test deliverability of a mail
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# address by doing the SMTP dialog until RCPT TO stage
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# IN : $address: address to test
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# $target : target host
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# \$log : reference to the log (to be printed out via -l)
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# OUT: .........: reference to a hash containing a list of target hosts
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# \$log will be changed
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sub checksmtp {
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my ($address,$target,$logr) = @_;
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my ($status);
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# start SMTP connection
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if (my $smtp = Net::SMTP->new($target,Hello => $config{'helo'},Timeout => 30)) {
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$$logr .= $smtp->banner; # Net::SMTP doesn't seem to support multiline greetings.
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$$logr .= "EHLO $config{'helo'}\n";
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log_smtp_reply($logr,$smtp->code,$smtp->message);
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$smtp->mail($config{'from'});
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$$logr .= "MAIL FROM:<$config{'from'}>\n";
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log_smtp_reply($logr,$smtp->code,$smtp->message);
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# test address
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my ($success,$code,@message) = try_rcpt_to(\$smtp,$address,$logr);
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# connection failure?
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if ($success < 0) {
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$status = connection_failed(@message);
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# delivery attempt was successful?
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} elsif ($success) {
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# -r: try random address (which should be guaranteed to be invalid)
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if ($options{'r'}) {
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my ($success,$code,@message) = try_rcpt_to(\$smtp,create_rand_addr(Mail::Address->new('',$address)->host),$logr);
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# connection failure?
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if ($success < 0) {
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$status = connection_failed(@message);
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# verification impossible?
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} elsif ($success) {
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$status = 3;
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print " > Address verificaton impossible. You'll have to send a test mail ...\n" if !($options{'q'});
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}
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}
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# if -r is not set or status was not set to 3: valid address
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if (!defined($status)) {
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$status = 0;
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print " > Address is valid.\n" if !($options{'q'});
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};
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# delivery attempt failed?
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} else {
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$status = 2;
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print " > Address is INVALID:\n" if !($options{'q'});
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print ' ' . join(' ',@message) if !($options{'q'});
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}
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# terminate SMTP connection
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$smtp->quit;
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$$logr .= "QUIT\n";
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log_smtp_reply($logr,$smtp->code,$smtp->message);
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} else {
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# SMTP connection failed / timeout
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$status = connection_failed();
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$$logr .= "---Connection failure---\n";
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};
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return $status;
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}
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############################### create_rand_addr ###############################
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# create a random mail address
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# IN : $domain: the domain part
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# OUT: $address: the address
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sub create_rand_addr {
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my($domain)=@_;
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my $allowed = 'ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz23456789-+_=';
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my $address = '';
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while (length($address) < 15) {
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$address .= substr($allowed, (int(rand(length($allowed)))),1);
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};
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return ($address.'@'.$domain);
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};
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################################ parse_dns_reply ###############################
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# parse DNS response codes and return code and description
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# IN : $response: a DNS response code
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# OUT: "$response ($desciption)"
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sub parse_dns_reply {
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my($response)=@_;
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my %dnsrespcodes = (NOERROR => 'empty response',
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NXDOMAIN => 'non-existent domain',
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SERVFAIL => 'DNS server failure',
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REFUSED => 'DNS query refused',
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FORMERR => 'format error',
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NOTIMP => 'not implemented');
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if(defined($dnsrespcodes{$response})) {
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return sprintf('%s (%s)',$response,$dnsrespcodes{$response});
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} else {
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return $response;
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};
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};
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############################### print_dns_result ###############################
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# print and log result of DNS query
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# IN : $domain: domain the DNS was queried for
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# $type : record type (MX, A, ...)
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# $count : number of records found
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# $error : DNS response code
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# \$log : reference to the log (to be printed out via -l)
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# OUT: ---
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# \$log will be changed
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sub print_dns_result {
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my ($domain,$type,$count,$error,$logr) = @_;
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if (defined($count)) {
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printf(" %d %s record(s) found for %s\n",$count,$type,$domain) if !($options{'q'});
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$$logr .= sprintf("%s DNS record(s):\n",$type);
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} else {
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printf(" No %s records found for %s: %s\n",$type,$domain,parse_dns_reply($error)) if !($options{'q'});
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$$logr .= sprintf("No %s records found: %s\n",$type,parse_dns_reply($error));
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};
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return;
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};
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################################## try_rcpt_to #################################
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# send RCPT TO and return replies
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# IN : \$smtp : a reference to an SMTP object
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# $recipient: a mail address
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# \$log : reference to the log (to be printed out via -l)
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# OUT: $success: exit code (0 for false, 1 for true, -1 for tempfail)
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# $code : SMTP status code
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# $message: SMTP status message
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# \$log will be changed
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sub try_rcpt_to {
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my($smtpr,$recipient,$logr)=@_;
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$$logr .= sprintf("RCPT TO:<%s>\n",$recipient);
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my $success;
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$$smtpr->to($recipient);
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if ($$smtpr->code) {
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log_smtp_reply($logr,$$smtpr->code,$$smtpr->message);
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$success = analyze_smtp_reply($$smtpr->code,$$smtpr->message);
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} else {
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$success = -1;
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$$logr .= "---Connection failure---\n";
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};
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return ($success,$$smtpr->code,$$smtpr->message);
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};
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################################ log_smtp_reply ################################
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# log result of SMTP command
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# IN : \$log : reference to the log (to be printed out via -l)
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# $code : SMTP status code
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# @message : SMTP status message
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# OUT: ---
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# \$log will be changed
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sub log_smtp_reply {
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my($logr,$code,@message)=@_;
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$$logr .= sprintf('%s %s',$code,join('- ',@message));
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return;
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}
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############################### analyze_smtp_reply ##############################
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# analyze SMTP response codes and messages
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# IN : $code : SMTP status code
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# @message : SMTP status message
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# OUT: exit code (0 for false, 1 for true, -1 for tempfail)
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sub analyze_smtp_reply {
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my($code,@message)=@_;
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my $type = substr($code, 0, 1);
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if ($type == 2) {
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return 1;
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} elsif ($type == 5) {
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return 0;
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} elsif ($type == 4) {
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return -1;
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};
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return -1;
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}
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############################## connection_failed ###############################
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# print failure message and return status 1
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# IN : @message : SMTP status message
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# OUT: 1
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sub connection_failed {
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my(@message)=@_;
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print " ! Connection failed or other temporary failure.\n" if !($options{'q'});
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printf(" %s\n",join(' ',@message)) if @message;
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return 1;
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}
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__END__
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################################ Documentation #################################
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=head1 NAME
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checkmail - check deliverability of a mail address
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=head1 SYNOPSIS
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B<checkmail> [B<-Vhqlr>] [B<-m> I<host>] [-s I<sender>] [-e I<EHLO>] I<address>|B<-f> I<file>
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=head1 REQUIREMENTS
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=over 2
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=item -
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Perl 5.8 or later
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=item -
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File::Basename
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=item -
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Getopt::Std
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=item -
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Mail::Address I<(CPAN)>
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=item -
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Net::DNS I<(CPAN)>
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=item -
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Net::SMTP
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=back
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Furthermore you'll need a working DNS installation.
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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checkmail checks the vailidity / deliverability of a mail address.
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You may submit just one address as the last argument or a file
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containing one address on each line using the B<-f> option.
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=head2 Configuration
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For the time being, all configuration is done in the script. You have
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to set the following elements of the %config hash:
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=over 4
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=item B<$config{'helo'}>
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The hostname to be used for I<HELO> or I<EHLO> in the SMTP dialog.
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=item B<$config{'from'}>
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The sender address to be used for I<MAIL FROM> while testing.
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=back
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You may override that configuration by using the B<-e> and B<-s>
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command line options.
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=head2 Usage
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After configuring the script you may run your first test with
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checkmail user@example.org
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B<checkmail> will check the address for syntactic validity. If the
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address is valid, it will try to determine the mail exchanger(s) (MX)
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responsible for I<example.org> by querying the DNS for the respective
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MX records and then try to connect via SMTP (on port 25) to each of
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them in order of precedence (if necessary). It will run through the
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SMTP dialog until just before the I<DATA> stage, i.e. doing I<EHLO>,
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I<MAIL FROM> and I<RCPT TO>. If no MX is defined, B<checkmail> will
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fall back to the I<example.org> host itself, provided there is at
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least one A record defined in the DNS. If there are neither MX nor A
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records for I<example.org>, mail is not deliverable and B<checkmail>
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will fail accordingly. If no host can be reached, B<checkmail> will
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fail, too. Finally B<checkmail> will fail if mail to the given
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recipient is not accepted by the respective host.
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If B<checkmail> fails, you'll not be able to deliver mail to that
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address - at least not using the configured sender address and from
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the host you're testing from. However, the opposite is not true: a
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mail you send may still not be delivered even if a test via
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B<checkmail> succeeds. The receiving entity may reject your mail after
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the I<DATA> stage, due to content checking or without any special
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reason, or it may even drop, filter or bounce your mail after finally
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|
accepting it. There is no way to be sure a mail will be accepted short
|
|
of sending a real mail to the address in question.
|
|
|
|
You may, however, try to detect hosts that will happily accept any and
|
|
all recipient in the SMTP dialog and just reject your mail later on,
|
|
for example to defeat exactly the kind of check you try to do.
|
|
B<checkmail> will do that by submitting a recipient address that is
|
|
known to be invalid; if that address is accepted, too, you'll know
|
|
that you can't reliably check the validity of any address on that
|
|
host. You can force that check by using the B<-r> option.
|
|
|
|
If you don't want to see just the results of your test, you can get a
|
|
B<complete log> of the SMTP dialog by using the B<-l> option. That may be
|
|
helpful to test for temporary failure conditions.
|
|
|
|
On the other hand you may use the B<-q> option to suppress all output;
|
|
B<checkmail> will then terminate with one of the following B<exit
|
|
status>:
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<0>
|
|
|
|
address(es) seem/seems to be valid
|
|
|
|
=item B<1>
|
|
|
|
temporary error (connection failure or temporary failure)
|
|
|
|
=item B<2>
|
|
|
|
address is invalid
|
|
|
|
=item B<3>
|
|
|
|
address cannot reliably be checked (test using B<-r> failed)
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
You can do B<batch processing> using B<-f> and submitting a file with
|
|
one address on each line. In that case the exit status is set to the
|
|
highest value generated by testing all addresses, i.e. it is set to
|
|
B<0> if and only if no adress failed, but to B<2> if even one address
|
|
failed and to B<3> if even one addresses couldn't reliably be checked.
|
|
|
|
And finally you can B<suppress DNS lookups> for MX and A records and
|
|
just force B<checkmail> to connect to a particular host using the
|
|
B<-m> option.
|
|
|
|
B<Please note:> You shouldn't try to validate addresses while working
|
|
from a dial-up or blacklisted host. If in doubt, use the B<-l> option
|
|
to have a closer look on the SMTP dialog yourself.
|
|
|
|
B<Please note:> To avoid shell expansion on addresses you submit to
|
|
B<checkmail>, use B<batch processing>.
|
|
|
|
=head1 OPTIONS
|
|
|
|
=over 3
|
|
|
|
=item B<-V> (version)
|
|
|
|
Print out version and copyright information on B<checkmail> and exit.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-h> (help)
|
|
|
|
Print this man page and exit.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-q> (quit)
|
|
|
|
Suppress output and just terminate with a specific exit status.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-l> (log)
|
|
|
|
Log and print out the whole SMTP dialog.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-r> (random address)
|
|
|
|
Also try a reliably invalid address to catch hosts that try undermine
|
|
address verification.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-m> I<host> (MX to use)
|
|
|
|
Force a connection to I<host> to check deliverability to that
|
|
particular host irrespective of DNS entries. For example:
|
|
|
|
checkmail -m test.host.example user@domain.example
|
|
|
|
=item B<-s> I<sender> (value for MAIL FROM)
|
|
|
|
Override configuration and use I<sender> for MAIL FROM.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-e> I<EHLO> (value for EHLO)
|
|
|
|
Override configuration and use I<EHLO> for EHLO.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-f> I<file> (file)
|
|
|
|
Process all addresses from I<file> (one on each line).
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 INSTALLATION
|
|
|
|
Just copy checkmail to some directory and get started.
|
|
|
|
You can run your first test with
|
|
|
|
checkmail user@example.org
|
|
|
|
=head1 ENVIRONMENT
|
|
|
|
See documentation of I<Net::DNS::Resolver>.
|
|
|
|
=head1 FILES
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item F<checkmail.pl>
|
|
|
|
The script itself.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 BUGS
|
|
|
|
Please report any bugs or feature request to the author or use the
|
|
bug tracker at L<http://bugs.th-h.de/>!
|
|
|
|
=head1 SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
L<http://th-h.de/download/scripts.php> will have the current
|
|
version of this program.
|
|
|
|
This program is maintained using the Git version control system. You
|
|
may clone L<git://code.th-h.de/mail/checkmail.git> to check out the
|
|
current development tree or browse it on the web via
|
|
L<http://code.th-h.de/?p=mail/checkmail.git>.
|
|
|
|
=head1 AUTHOR
|
|
|
|
Thomas Hochstein <thh@inter.net>
|
|
|
|
=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
|
|
|
|
Copyright (c) 2002-2010 Thomas Hochstein <thh@inter.net>
|
|
|
|
This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
|
|
under the same terms as Perl itself.
|
|
|
|
=cut
|